HEART
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Heart is the control of the body chemistry where inflow and outflow of blood occurs at regular intervals.Blood is processed through kidney where it is purified and then pumped into the heart.Thus kidney has a vital role to keep the heart functioning.Metabolism is other factor to ensure keeping heart to operate undisturbed Let us now discuss various stages of heart affects.
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Coronary thrombosis or myocardial infarction is a result of one of the coronary artreries,which usually havev become narrowed being totally blocked by a blood clot.
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Angina is investigated by many different tests.
The initial one is usually the ECG(electrocardiogram)
in which wires applied to the patients limbs and chest wall pick up the electrical signals produced by each heartbeat.The ECG,even when carried out at rest ,can detect changes in heart rhythum.In many casis it shows the presence of coronory heart disease.Its reading are not infallible ,since the trace fails record some heart disease.although the ECG looks abnormal,later investigation shows the coronary arteries are in good order.
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The next examination to be undertaken is usually the exercise stress test.In this and ECG is performed as the patient exersises progressively more vigorously on a treadmill.This will pick up many casis of heart disease.which would be missed by arresting ECG.However ,it can give rise to false positive result,that is an abnormal test despites normal arteries.
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If drs are suspeciousness there may be some intermittent change in rhythm,they can investigate by asking for a 24 hour monitoring ECG.The machine ,which records the beat ,is no bigger than a stereo and can be hidden around the waist.
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Echo cardiography is becoming established as an essential test when there is a likelihood of heart failure.In this test which like the ECGs is painless,a note of such high frequency as to be inaudible is transmitted through the chest wall.Therefore its each frome various parts of the heart are picked up and displayed as a picture.
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The state of coronary arteries can be assessed by a thallium scan,in which a radioactive substance is watched as it spreads through the heart muscles.The speed of the spread indicates the health or otherwise of the arteries ,The radiation used is no greater than that of an ordinary chest x rays.
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If there is still dought about the state of the coronary arteries ,these non invasive tests can be supplemented by cardiac catheterisation in which a tube is inserted either through the groin or arm and Manipulated up into the heart .by this means dyes can be introduced into the coronary arteries,which can then b
Xrayed.
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When the coronary arteries are seen to be dangerously narrowed of if they are causing angina which limits activity,the situation can be relived either by bypass surgery of ,in a third of cases,by the quicker and less invasive procedure of angioplasty.
In this,a balloon catheter is used to enlarge the diameter of clogged arteries.
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The term heart failour is a frightening one.It should not be equated with the term failure as use.when describing engine failure.The heart merely because it is in failure ,is not about to stop suddenly.The description of heart failures is part of medical jargon.The older term used by many doctors when talking to their patients was heart strain,which gives a very much more accurate picture.
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Heart failure describes the condition in which the heart is no longer able to cope with the pumping load demanded of it,in consequence is both back pressure in to the lungs,which causes breathlessness,and into the periphery,which results in swelling of the feet and liver.The diagnosis of minor degrees of heart failure,or strain,is becoming increasingly important as modern treatment nowbnot only easis the symptoms,as has been the case until the recent past,but actually prolongs life